TERRITORY
Territory
The concept of territory always begins with the concept of space. But beyond space, territory is ultimately the result of how actors take ownership of a given space, with their own vision of themselves and their history. As such, territory is not just a space, but more importantly, a social creation. While some people see territory as something to be exploited, dis-possessed, and replaced, others see it as their ‘home’, some-thing that connects a space to their roots, culture, and sense of being.
BORDER
Border
We can look at borders from a great variety of geographical, socio-economic and cultural angles. In this text, we focus on geographical borders, and we see that they can mean different things. For example, a country’s border marks the end of its territory, but there are other types of borders, like those created by nature like mountains or rivers; or these where the way land is used changes. In our text we explore how borders affect control and cooperation, and how they impact upon the people living in the surrounding border- lands. We provide an example by examining how natural resources are managed in the border area between senegal and the Gambia.
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Social protection
The role of social protection has expanded beyond poverty alleviation to address gaps between societal needs and state capabilities, particularly in the Global South. A transformative perspective emphasizes predistribution – shaping market outcomes like wages and earnings over post-damage redistribution. In the context of climate change, this raises questions as to whether predistributive policies should complement redistribution or if social protection could be assessed for its capacity to mitigate climate impacts.